What is Achilles Tendinitis?
The Achilles tendon extends from the back of the ankle parallel to the shin bone (tibia). It is the largest and strongest tendon in the human body and can withstand a significant amount of load. Achilles tendinitis is an inflammation and injury of the tendon caused by sudden strain or overuse, commonly seen in athletes.
What Causes Achilles Tendinitis?
The primary cause of Achilles tendinitis is strain on the tendon. Common reasons include overloading, sudden increases in activity, and excessive weight gain. However, there is usually no clear trauma involved. Walking or running without proper conditioning or suddenly increasing the intensity can also lead to Achilles tendinitis.
What are the Symptoms of Achilles Tendinitis?
- Pain and stiffness along the Achilles tendon, especially in the morning
- Increased pain and tenderness at the point where the Achilles tendon attaches to the heel, especially after activity increases
- Pain lasting throughout the day after exercise or running
- Thickening and swelling of the tendon
- If you hear a popping sound from the Achilles tendon during physical activity, it may have ruptured. In this case, seek medical attention immediately.
How is Physical Therapy Applied in Achilles Tendinitis?
Many patients benefit from properly applied physical therapy for Achilles tendinitis. Initially, during the acute phase, rest is necessary and activities that put excessive stress on the tendon, such as running, should be stopped. Shoe modifications or heel lifts can be used during this period.
In addition to classic physical therapy modalities, treatments like Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) can be beneficial. Physical therapy and exercises play a very important role in returning to activity and sports after Achilles tendinitis. Exercises are used to strengthen the structures around the Achilles tendon, prevent muscle atrophy, and maintain joint range of motion.
The exercises to be performed may vary depending on factors such as the person’s fitness level, age, and others. Therefore, exercises for Achilles tendinitis should not be done carelessly but under the supervision of a specialist physician and physiotherapist.
Can the Achilles Tendon Rupture?
The Achilles tendon can weaken with age or due to lack of use, making it vulnerable to injury and rupture. Certain diseases (such as arthritis and diabetes) and medications (such as corticosteroids and some antibiotics) can also increase the risk of rupture.
Rupture is most commonly seen in middle-aged male athletes (such as weekend warriors who play intense sports like basketball). Injuries usually occur during recreational sports activities that involve repeated jumping, twisting, and running, such as tennis, basketball, and badminton.